Tag: oppression

Four Evils Under the Sun

Old Testament: 1 Chronicles 7 & 8

Poetry: Ecclesiastes 4

New Testament: Philippians 4:6

In chapter 4 of Ecclesiastes, Solomon continues his observational reporting about the wickedness and evil that he sees “under the sun.” Some of his assessments about these events accurately describe them as truly “wicked” or “evil,” but at other times he uses that terminology simply to describe something that is frustrating and/or enigmatic (i.e., too complicated to comprehend).

The first problem that the Sage identifies is oppression, which is an extension of his critique on social injustice in the previous section (3:16-17). Oppression is a general term that can refer to a range of activities from: exploitation, robbery, fraud, abuse of power, disenfranchisement, assault and physical violence, confiscation of property, social prejudice, unfair dealings, etc. In its basic sense, oppression is the abuse of power that is perpetrated on those who are vulnerable and less powerful, particularly the poor, widows, orphans, and foreigners (e.g., Ezek 22:7, 29; Amos 4:1; Mic 2:1-2). It is a denial of personal rights and justice, often accompanied by violence and bloodshed (e.g., Jer 22:17; Ezek 22:6-7, 12, 29).

All oppression is a product of selfishness. It is seeking the benefit of yourself (or your interests) without regard to the needs, wellbeing, or rights of other people who are harmed in the process. Power, in whatever form it takes, whether economic, political, religious, or otherwise, is not to be used for selfish gain and advancement, because it ends up turning other people into objects whom you can treat as you please and squeeze until they give you what you want. In this oppressive regime, people are treated as less than human, and denied their intrinsic value and equality as being created by the same God who has created all humankind.

In verse 4, we can notice that Solomon is exaggerating here again. It is hard to imagine that what he is saying is that “rivalry” is truly the sole motivation behind every person on the planet who works hard. Nevertheless, we probably can say that it is a large motivating factor.

This section is linked to the previous in the sense that people often oppress others because they want to get ahead. They push others down so that they can climb higher. And in their pursuit of climbing the ladder of success, they don’t mind kicking the heads of those who are below them if it means progress and advancement toward their ambitions.

So, in Solomon’s view, if rivalry is what motivates all of this work that he sees, and it is a pointless endeavor, then perhaps it is better to not work, but rather just rest. This logical proposition leads Solomon to consider two proverbs (which he quotes in vv. 5-6) that offer perspective on this matter and reinforce his general conclusion.

The next problem Solomon identifies is that of isolation. In verse 7, he sets forth a rhetorical question from the exasperated view of the loner, “For whom then, do I labor, and deprive my soul of pleasure?” Clearly the answer is that the loner labors for himself and no other. But if all he does is work hard to amass wealth for himself as the end objective, then he is depriving himself of enjoying the pleasure that results from his labor. Essentially, Solomon has in mind the workaholic, the person whose ambition in life is to be successful at their career, to go as far as they can, and climb the ladder as high as possible. But such an outlook on life will never be satisfying, he concludes. His eyes will never be “satisfied with wealth.”

The final two problems are laid out in vv. 13-16: power and popularity. Solomon introduces these final two problems using a “better-than” comparison. The problem Solomon sees is twofold: 1) in vv. 13-14 the issue is being in charge but becoming closed off and obstinate, unwilling to listen to any instruction, and 2) in vv. 15-16 the issue is being in charge but being unpopular, where no one praises and rejoices in your leadership.

The sense of this section is that the old foolish king who would not listen to anyone was eventually replaced by the wise youth, who came from humble beginnings. Then another youth eventually replaced the wise youth who became king, and many people followed him and liked him. But his popularity was only temporary as he would lose favor in the eyes of the people, and they would no longer rejoice in his leadership.

So, what do all four of these problems have in common and what are they telling us about Solomon’s pursuit of the meaning of life? First, the problems that are mentioned help us identify what is truly meaningful in life. These problems identify the need for justice, cooperation, companionship, and humility. The problems also tell us what we should not put our time and effort in seeking to attain or being worried about changing. The world is the way it is, and it has always been that way. Nothing new is happening now that has not already happened and will happen again. These problems are endemic in a broken world, and that is why they cannot provide true meaning in life. True meaning is found in the age to come when the world will be restored, and these problems will be no more.

-Jerry Wierwille


Reflection Questions

  1. What modern examples can you find of what Solomon saw in his day for each of these issues: oppression (selfishness), loneliness (and workaholism), power and popularity? In your own life where have you seen yourself struggle or tend toward one of these?
  2. While realizing we live in a broken world with evil which won’t be changing until the age to come, of what value is justice, cooperation, companionship and humility in your own life? Which of these is most lacking in your life? How can you work toward each of these?
  3. How can you be a comforter to those experiencing the harsh realities/evils of this broken world today?
  4. What beauty and hope lies in the age to come?
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Over and over and over

Monday – Judges 3-5

Judges Devotions (1)

Judges reminds me of the movie “Groundhog Day”—the one where Bill Murray, the local weatherman, relives the same day over and over and over. While not a single groundhog makes an appearance in Judges, the book does repeat itself over and over and over. You see, the Israelites are in a downward spiral, stuck in a vicious cycle of sin. In the reading for today, Judges 3-5, we see this cycle play out three times, once under Othniel, again under Ehud, and finally under Deborah. Today, we’ll take a closer look at this cycle using the example of Othniel:

1. SIN – “The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the LORD; they forgot the LORD their God and served the Baals and the Asherahs” (Judges 3:7). The Israelites neglected to kick out all the bad people from the Promised Land, and they often find themselves tempted by the Canaanite’s sinful ways. Their temptation leads to habitual sin, tearing themselves further from God.

2. OPPRESSION – “The anger of the LORD burned against Israel so that he sold them into the hands of Cushan-Rishathain king of Aram Naharaim, to whom the Israelites were subject for eight years” (Judges 3:8). I think, perhaps, God uses oppression as a tool to bring His people to their knees. His people become so desperate with no other choice but to turn to Him.

3. REPENTANCE – “But when they cried out to the LORD…” (Judges 3:9a) In their newly humbled position, the Israelites cry out to God. They recognize their sin and run from it, towards a God whose arms are always open.

4. DELIVERANCE – “He raised up for them a deliverer, Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, who saved them. The Spirit of the LORD came on him, so that he became Israel’s judge and went to war” (Judges 3:9b & 10a). God works for His people through His people. He fills people with His Holy Spirit to accomplish His work.

5. PEACE – “So the land had peace for forty years” (Judges 3:11a). With a newfound trust in God and a godly leader to follow, the Israelites find peace. Unfortunately, after Othniel passes, this peace leads to complacency which leads right back to sin.

As a soon-to-be English teacher, this literary structure of the book of Judges is impressive. As a follower of God, this repetition is alarming. Why do the Israelites keep finding themselves back in a stage of sin? Why am I a repeat offender of the same sins?

Temptation and habit.

First, just like the Israelites were tempted by the corrupt and wicked ways of the Canaanites dwelling in the Promised Land, we, too, are surrounded by temptation. Set healthy boundaries from whatever may be luring you towards sin because the more distance we give between ourselves and temptation, the less likely we are to fall into sin.

Second, the Israelites were caught sinning over and over and over—their sin became their habit. Recognize the power of your habits and work diligently to set healthy rhythms that honor God. Ever since I read this quote, I’ve been convicted of the power of my own habits: “People do not decide their futures, they decide their habits and their habits decide their futures” -F.M. Alexander

Let the boundaries and habits you set lead you away from sin and towards God.

 

Mackenzie McClain

 

Today’s Bible reading can be read or listened to at https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges+3-5&version=NIV

Tomorrow’s Bible reading will be Judges 6-7 as we continue the 2020 Chronological Bible Reading Plan.  Reading God’s Word daily is one healthy habit to pursue.  Keep at it!  It has the power to determine your future.

Stand in Awe of God

Eccles 4 4 (1)

Ecclesiastes 4:1-5:7

Solomon, as cheerful as ever, writes about what he witnessed around him; the tears of the oppressed, power on the side of the oppressor, and no comfort for the oppressed. Who are the oppressed today, in our world, our country, our community? People are oppressed based on ethnicity, religious beliefs, economic status, gender, you name it. Some appear to less oppression than others but it is an illusion. We are all subjugated to one great oppressor, sin! Solomon rightfully says that we have no comforter … here on earth at least. He reminds us to look at what role we each play in the oppression of others for we cannot be a comfort if we are part of the problem, whether we realize it or not.

The dead! The dead are free from oppression … and happiness … and joy … and living. Peter wrote that it is only those who trust in God that may see the good that can come out of suffering. Thank you Peter for being a ray of sunshine! He says this though because we have a hope in Jesus of an eternity where sorrow and suffering will be no more. Peter was, as we are, on the other side of the cross so to speak so we have a better understanding of the impermanence of this life and its troubles and of the future promise of life in the coming kingdom.

But for today, greed and envy are tremendous motivators for oppression. When people strive for more wealth and power they rarely care for who gets pushed aside, trampled on or abused. It is a grabbing after that which will only give momentary happiness. Solomon suggests that it is better to have one handful with tranquility. … Yeah I read that and did not get it at first either. He is saying that we should not over reach or overextend ourselves. His wisdom guides us to be content with what we have, with what God has provided.

In chapter four Solomon gives two examples. The first is of a rich man whose insatiable thirst for more isolated him to the point that he had no partnership. He did not share with anyone and one day realized the immensity of that loneliness. In contrast, Solomon commends sharing in relationship. There are advantages in this as he points out. In companionship we find greater profit, a good return from our labor. We are able to help one another in difficult times when we are together. He pities those who have no one to help them when they fall. Together we can provide each other with comfort but there is no one to comfort the selfish and greedy. Companionship also affords greater protection when facing dangers. He goes further with that by saying that two is good but three is even better.

The second example is that of a poor but wise youth who succeeds the foolish king. He comes from nothing and it is implied that he was imprisoned at one point. But he rose to power and everyone followed him. He had it all! In time the people grew tired of him and he lost everything. All of his striving after money, power, and adoration was ultimately meaningless. It all comes and goes like the wind.

You might look at the opening verses of chapter five as advice or instruction on proper worship, the proper attitude, appropriate practice of prayer, and the respectful payment of vows. The reality though is Solomon is warning against straining our relationship with God. He warns against making rash vows. Rash vows become the “sacrifice of fools” and the “speech of a fool”. He advises us to be thoughtful before coming to God with an oath or vow. To consider our own limitations and our motivations. We ought to weigh all things against God’s word so that we know that it is good according to His perfect will. “What is the big deal about making vows?” A vow is a promise and for the God who always keeps His promises, breaking our promise is detestable to Him.

Whether facing oppression or battling against the sins of greed and envy, trying to stay humble enough to be content with what we have or avoiding quick words and rash vows, Solomon always returns to our Creator God. ”Therefore stand in awe of God”, trust in Him and His providence. In awe of Him rather than standing in awe of ourselves. Then we can face the troubles and strife with great endurance. Then we can rise above our baser nature. We can find contentment and dare I say … meaning!

To be continued …

 

Jeff Ransom