Old Testament law – Seek Grow Love

When reading chapters such as the ones we read today, I find it’s sometimes easy to just glide through these laws that initially seem irrelevant to us today. Within these ancient statutes, however, two timeless themes particularly stood out to me: God’s call for His people to be set apart in holiness, and His heart for the most vulnerable in society.

1. A Call to Holiness

As we’ve read previously, God set Israel apart from the surrounding nations to be a people that reflected His righteousness. These laws we observed today emphasize moral purity, integrity, and responsibility within the community. For example, laws regarding sexual immorality (Deut. 22:13-30) were meant to protect family structures and promote faithfulness.

While we no longer live under these specific laws, the principle of holiness remains. Something beautiful happens in the New Testament—though it caused an outrage at the time. Jesus shifted the focus from outward regulations to inward transformation.

Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. – Matthew 5:8

Holiness today, while still requiring abiding by a list of rules (the handy little updated one provided by Jesus), is ultimately about living in a way that honors God, demonstrating His love and goodness in our daily actions. Even though we don’t face the consequence of being stoned to death if we fall into temptation, these passages point out just how important it is in the eyes of God that we choose to walk in His light.

2. Justice and Care for the Vulnerable

These chapters also reveal our Father’s deep concern for justice and protection of the weak; many of the laws were designed to guard against exploitation:

Captive women were given dignity and rights, rather than being killed or treated as property, as they would if their home had been conquered by other nations at the time (Deut. 21:10-14).
Neighbors were expected to care for one another—returning lost property and offering help when needed (Deut. 22:1-4).
Fair treatment of runaway slaves—they were not to return an escaped slave to their master but to let them settle freely in their land. (Deuteronomy 23:15-16)

We see Jesus continue this mission throughout his ministry on earth, declaring, “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor… to set the oppressed free” (Luke 4:18-19). He demonstrated through both his life and death that true holiness heeds more than personal purity, but also constantly considers how best we can treat those around us, especially those in need.

-Isabella Osborn

Reflection Questions:

How do we maintain spiritual purity in a world full of distractions? What are some ways you can guard your heart, mind, and actions?
Even though we are no longer called to live according to the Old Law, we still are called to holiness in the New Testament. What are some of Jesus’ commandments that you find it difficult to abide by?
What are some practical ways we can reflect God’s heart for the weak and vulnerable in our modern world?

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Would you Rather?

Old Testament: Genesis 9 & 10

Poetry: Psalm 2

New Testament: Matthew 5:17-48

Would you rather have been born in the Old Testament era when following the law was the measure of one’s righteousness, or born after Jesus came and shook things up a bit? Keep in mind that the Old Testament law as delivered through Moses was not just the good old Ten Commandments (which we sometimes have a hard time remembering and living by) – but roughly 603 additional laws throughout the first 5 books of the Bible. God’s people were expected to know them and live by them, a long list of what to do and what not to do. And there was punishment and judgment when the people didn’t do what they were supposed to do and did what they weren’t supposed to do.

Then comes Jesus. He is probably best known for his love. We love to remember how he answered the burning question: What is the greatest commandment? The Jews had tried for over 1,000 years to keep all these commandments. Some of the religious leaders (the Pharisees) prided themselves on how well they did it. And they had even added to the number to create more laws to try to keep the people further from breaking one of God’s important laws. And Jesus took all those 613 plus laws and said the most important was “Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind…and the second is like it: Love your neighbor as yourself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” (Matthew 22:37-40). Well, that simplifies matters. Love God. Love people. Sounds simpler. Sounds almost easy.

But, wait there is more.

Back in Matthew 5 Jesus introduces this new “law”, this new way of life and new way of measuring righteousness. He started his Sermon on the Mount not with a list of laws to keep with punishments if you don’t – but with a beautiful list of attitudes to keep and the rewards for those who do. Next he gives us jobs to do – be salt and light – all the time – shine – be different – do good – not to look good yourself, but to bring glory to your Father in heaven.

Jesus realizes this is different. This doesn’t sound like Leviticus any more. He knew people would accuse him of completely overturning and throwing out the Old Testament law. He clarifies, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.” (Matt 5:17). Something is up but we aren’t exactly sure what yet. But, it’s not throwing out the Old. It’s like there is a new measuring stick in town. He even goes so far as to say that NOW we need to be MORE righteous than the Pharisees and teachers of the law if we want to enter the Kingdom. (I am sure they loved hearing that.) And then he proceeds to give several examples of Old Testament law, with his new Jesus spin added.

The next six sections in Matthew 5 all begin with some variations of, “You have heard that it was said long ago…but I tell you…”. And Jesus takes the Old Testament laws regarding murder, adultery, divorce, oaths, eye for an eye and loving your neighbor and ramps them up. No longer are you called good if you can merely check the box for not murdering or committing adultery. Now, you have the larger job of also controlling your anger and your lust – the heart issues that originally led to the breaking of the Old Testament law.

God gave the law and it is good. But, His desire was never to create legalistic robots without a heart. His desire was not to create a people that praises themselves for keeping a long checklist of do’s and don’ts, but misses seeing the needs of their neighbor. His desire was not to create a people that only loved those who love them.

So, it was time to add more. Time to add His Son who would teach us and show us how to love.

God gave us His Son and he is very good (though the Son would tell us that only His Father is good because he was always drawing distinctions between himself and His Father and giving praise to his God and his Father not himself). We have so much to still learn from Jesus about this new, life-giving, from the heart way of life. Jesus wants to teach us what God is looking for. And in Matthew 5 we see God is looking for heart, love, devotion, reconciliation, self-control, commitment, purity, truth, generosity, prayer, compassion, gentleness. And perfection. That’s all.

The new is better. But not because it is easier. Where would you rather be?

-Marcia Railton

Questions for Reflection

It is time for a heart check. Are you more righteous than those who worked so hard to keep the Old Testament? Do you pride yourself on being better than others? What heart issues have led you to breaking the law in the past?
How can you work towards godly perfection today? Maybe try re-reading Matthew 5 looking for what heart changes God would like to see in you.
What do you learn about Jesus from Matthew 5? How does he fulfill the law and not abolish it?

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Freedom

Old Testament Reading: Deuteronomy 25 & 26

Psalms Reading: Psalm 89

*New Testament Reading: Galatians 5

What does freedom look like to you? You may visualize prisoners being set free from their jail sentence, dogs off of broken chains, large, open spaces outdoors, maybe even a child who snuck away from the crowd and is exploring their world all on their own (while parents panic…).

Paul is describing here in Galatians freedom from living life following a strict law. In our passage in Deuteronomy, we read about some of the punishments (flogging, losing credibility with the whole nation, having a hand cut off…) for not following the laws, or accidentally breaking them. With that in mind, this makes the concept of freedom that Paul is reminding people of that much more dramatic. Before Jesus, the only way to be right with God was to follow these strict laws, it was only meant for a certain group of individuals set apart from the rest, and it was nearly impossible to achieve as an outsider, let alone someone born and raised as a Jew.

In verse 13 Paul tells the Galatians they have been called to be free. Imagine being told your whole life that there is nothing more for you, and suddenly having hope and opportunity through a man that loved enough to die for strangers. This concept would be (and still is) life-altering! Paul is reminding the people of this church that they have freedom, they are no longer bound by the previous laws that kept them from God!

In this reminder Paul also cautions them to be wise in their freedom, and to use this freedom to serve one another. It is crazy to see the statistics on the number of children that grow up in a Christian household, maybe isolated or sheltered, and go to college and drastically change their lifestyles by going overboard with poor life choices with their newfound ‘freedom’. That is our human nature! And that same mentality must have existed with the Galatians as Paul warns them to not use this freedom or this gift of grace to indulge in the flesh, but rather to serve one another humbly in love (v.13).

Our freedom was bought with a price, and yet we are not in debt. We no longer have to live under a strict law, rather, we can keep the entire law by loving our neighbor as ourselves (v.14). And while our freedom could create opportunity for sin, we are told that we walk by the Spirit to avoid desires of the flesh(v.16) and that through that Spirit we can experience the good fruit such as love, joy, and peace (v.22). Knowing all that, it’s hard to imagine freedom any other way besides the cross.

Questions:

What does “walking by the Spirit” look like to you? Do you see the fruits of the Spirit come from that walk?

How do you use your freedom? Do you meet the commands of loving your neighbors?

Paul writes in verse 6 “the only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love” (rather than appearance of ‘righteousness’ through circumcision). How do you express your faith?

Prayer:

Lord, thank you for the freedom you give us through Christ. Thank you for his sacrifice that paid our debt and moved us out from under the strict law. God, we pray that we would walk by your Spirit each day, that our faith would be expressed in our love, and that we would experience those good fruits. Amen.

-Sarah (Blanchard) Johnson

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Set Apart But Connected

Old Testament Reading: Numbers 7-9

Psalms Reading: Psalm 63

New Testament Reading: 1 Corinthians 16

Today’s Old Testament reading takes us to Numbers 7-9 where we see the LORD speaking to Moses laying out some specific plans he has for how they are to live, worship, and remember Him. Around 70% of the Bible contains the Old Testament, and it seems that the more I study the Bible, I continue to be struck how much the Old Testament foundation is integral to appreciating things that come later in the New Testament. I definitely find that to be the case in today’s chapters.

Starting in Numbers 7:1, we find Moses at work,

“When Moses finished setting up the tabernacle, he anointed and consecrated it and all its furnishings. He also anointed and consecrated the altar and all its utensils.”

So, we have a good “churchy” word here in bold, and while I undoubtedly could have spelled it in third grade (spelling bees were my thing back in the day!), I realized I wanted to research a little more because if you asked me to define it today, I’d start with “kinda like. . .umm. . .”, and this word comes up a lot in this passage!

Consulting my exhaustive concordance and Bible dictionaries, I see that simply put,

consecrated = set apart

In Numbers 7 we see a tabernacle set apart, offerings to the LORD set apart, and in Numbers 8, Levite priests set apart. In Numbers 9 the trend continues with instruction to keep days set apart for Passover. Interestingly, these days are specifically remembering the time when the LORD set his people apart from the Egyptians.

The Old Testament stands apart from the New Testament separated by ~400 years of history. Yet, they are extremely connected. The Israelites were instructed to be set apart from the world that surrounded them, yet connected to the LORD. The being set apart idea doesn’t stop in Numbers or the Old Testament, but continues as instruction for all of us as followers of Christ today. In fact, the idea of a consecreated, set apart people continues until the very end of Revelation.

Our reading today ends in Numbers 9 with a beautiful picture of the LORD’s consecrated people being set apart and relying on His leading. How many people can say they followed a cloud that appeared like a fire by night, and if the cloud descended they stayed/camped, and if it ascended, they went out? This certainly wasn’t a practice of the world around them, and I don’t know anyone today who camps that way. Instead, Numbers 9:15-23 shows a unique, called-out, set-apart experience of obedience to our sovereign LORD. One that required patience and was beyond their understanding (check out the casual mention of waiting for the cloud to move for a year in verse 22!).

Wouldn’t our lives be so much better if we trusted God more, followed His leading, and invested our energies in being wholly His. We would look set apart and we should look set apart, and we need the practice because one day it will be essential to be set apart when the Tabernacle described in Revelation comes on the scene!

“At the command of the LORD the sons of Israel would set out, and at the command of the LORD they would camp, as long as the cloud settled over the tabernacle, they remained camped.” (Numbers 9:18)

-Jennifer Hall

Reflection Questions

Are you set apart from the world? If so, how? Do you think God would like to see you more set apart than you are now? What might that look like? What would it require?
Are you connected to the LORD? If so, how? Do you think God would like to see you more connected to Him than you are now? What might that look like? What would it require?
How do you see God in your reading of the Scriptures today? What would you have missed if you hadn’t read His words today?

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Add Love

Matthew 5

January 5

It’s only been 5 days, but so far I am enjoying the one chapter a day pace for 2022. It’s allowing us a bit more time to soak in the lessons of each chapter before rushing into the next. However, as we look at Matthew chapter 5 today I can’t help but feel that this chapter would be a good one to cover just one VERSE per day! Jesus knew how to stack a sermon with plenty to mull over on the way home. It is possible that Matthew included some bits and pieces from other sermons to lump them all together into what is now known as The Sermon on the Mount found in Matthew 5, 6 and 7. Whether it was all said by Jesus in one particular sitting, or spread out, or often repeated for various audiences, these words of Jesus are priceless and worthy of being read over and over again, finding something new and inspiring every time.

We will save a longer discussion on the Beatitudes for another day/week/month. Until then, watch your attitudes. The right ones, as judged by God and not man, will come with great reward.

It’s okay, even preferred, to be persecuted for following Jesus. Follow anyway. The reward is great. And you are not the first to endure such opposition.

Be different from the world. Keep your saltiness (preserving life, adding spiritual savoring, disinfecting worldliness). Keep shining in the darkness. Keep doing good. Represent your Heavenly Father well.

Keep the Old Testament – with a New Testament heart.

Jesus knew people would think that now that the Messiah was here the old laws and scriptures would be done away with. Laws aren’t a lot of fun, let’s just love instead. He saw it back then, we still see it today. But Jesus clearly stated, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them” (Matthew 5:17). Jesus challenged those sitting at his feet and he challenges us today. Think of the BEST people you can think of. Who is known for being righteous? At that time it was the Pharisees and teachers of the law. But Jesus said, “For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 5:20). Ouch! Did that say what I think it said? Read it again. But Jesus said, “For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 5:20). Something MORE is needed. Following the Old Testament laws one by one to show the world how good you are doesn’t cut it. But that doesn’t mean we throw out the law and the prophets and the Old Testament. Rather than throwing it out, we add to it. We don’t need to add more laws, the Pharisees already tried that, too. Instead, we add to it the heart of Jesus – the New Testament heart. What does that look like? Jesus knew we would ask, so he gives us six examples in Matthew 5.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for not murdering anyone today. Add love. Control your anger toward others. Don’t let that put-down out of your mouth. Work at relationships. Forgive and ask for forgiveness. And still, don’t murder.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for not committing adultery today. Add love. Guard yourself from lust. Take it seriously. There are consequences. Show respect and responsibility. And still, don’t commit adultery.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for doing a divorce in a legal, friendly manner. Add love. Work at it again. Take it seriously. There are consequences for everyone.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for keeping one oath made to God. Watch your words. Take them seriously. Stop making promises. Realize God is so much greater than you. Realize there is so much beyond your control. Keep it simple. Watch for influence from the evil one.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for getting even. Add love. Add sacrifice. Add service. Add generosity. Even when it’s hard. Even when it’s not deserved.

Don’t pat yourself on the back for taking good care of people who take good care of you. Add love. For all. God knows. He’s got this. Don’t worry if it’s not fair now. You will see sunshine and rain. They (your enemies) will, too. It’s okay. Pray for them, even if they hurt you – or especially if they hurt you. Your actions and your prayers will show that you are God’s child. Work at being like Him.

Keep the commandments and add love.

Marcia Railton

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

Where is society trying to throw away the laws of God? What would they replace it with? Is this a good idea or a dangerous one? Why?
Do you more often focus on the law or on love? Think of a particular instance where you leaned one way or another. How do we do both? What could you have done in the example you thought of to add in more of the lesser ingredient?
What is the danger in weighing in too heavily in the law, neglecting love? What is the danger in weighing in too heavily in love, neglecting the law?
Have you ever been afraid of the dark? What about spiritual darkness? How important is light? And spiritual light? What dims your light? What helps it shine brighter? Do you feel more like a match or a floodlight? How can we remember to be a light and shine in the darkness?

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Making a Differing People : Lex Talionis and the God of Justice.

Leviticus 24-25

Depending on your source, Mahatma Ghandi and Martin Luther King, Jr. both believed that “an eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind.”

While we know from our reading and devotions that Jesus completes the laws of the Old Testament, and specifically changes the interaction of Lex Talionis, or the Law of Retribution, in Matthew 5:38-42, we must also not pass over the laws given in Leviticus 24 and 25 too quickly.

For example, the year of jubilee is fascinating, not least because we don’t have any concrete evidence ANYONE EVER practiced it! The idea was that the poor who sold themselves into slavery should be freed. I want to be very clear : SLAVERY IS WRONG. Morally, it is repugnant, and praise God it is outlawed around the world and being fought against by many organizations. However, in the time of the Israelites, slavery was practiced, especially as a way to pay off massive debts owed for any and all reasons. While we should be rightfully repulsed, in Leviticus 25, God drags humanity forward in the midst of their issues by giving some fascinating commands : If your countryman becomes so poor and has to sell himself, treat him as a hired man. (25:39-40) And no matter what is sold or bought, it all goes back in the year of Jubilee, (25:13) so you may all be equal, and in that year the slave must be set free. (25:54)

God takes a terrible institution, and begins to create boundaries around it. Remember, if this law had not been given, ALL slavery would be morally justifiable and ALL treatment of slaves would be unimpeded. But starting in Leviticus, God begins to prune this terrible human sin, begins to eradicate it among his people. God is taking barbarous humanity and forcing it to be graceful and merciful, to a degree.

Add to that the law of ‘an eye for an eye’ and we begin to see where God directly challenges the law codes of other nations.

In Leviticus 24:19-20, we read, “If a man injures his neighbor, just as he has done, so it shall be done to him: fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; just as he has injured a man, so it shall be inflicted upon him.” Of course, Christ changes this law, but in the day it was given this was REVOLUTIONARY.

First, God is trying to stop something: exactly what happens in the life of Samson, specifically in chapter 15. Samson wants to go to his wife, but her father gave her to another man. Samson, in a rage, ties 300 foxes together in pairs, puts torches on their tails, and they burn the crops. Then the Philistines learn who Samson’s family is and burn his family. And then he slaughters the Philistines… OK, so God wasn’t trying to stop EXACTLY that scenario, but trying to stop the PRINCIPLE of that scenario. In our world, before the Law of God or without Law, violence is cyclical and escalating. Samson gets ticked off, so he burns crops, so the Philistines burn his wife, so he slaughters Philistines. It’s not pretty but it is the pattern of humanity. You attack my tribe and kill one person, we attack back and kill five people and you attack back… until we are all dead. Among the Israelites, God was saying, “when someone harms you, you only get to harm them back to a certain degree; namely, the way in which they harmed you.” This is a massive leap forward in our cultural and social interactions.

Of course, other national law codes were doing this at the time of the Jews, such as the ancient Babylonians (and possibly the Ancient Egyptians). But, while they may have grasped a portion of God’s truth, the Babylonians specifically missed a small but crucial detail. Leviticus 24:22 says, “there shall be one standard for you; it shall be for the stranger as well as the native.” In the Babylonian Law code, punishment was meted out based on the different classes of people involved. Men who owned land were above free men who were above slaves. If a man who owned land harmed a slave, financial compensation may have been owed, but if a slave harmed a landed man, then the slave could lose his hands or his life.

Not so with the people of God. Men were respected across socio-economic lines or boundaries. If a priest killed a peasant, the priest would die. In a law about punishment, God actually gives one of the strongest cases for the equality of all men (and women!) in Old Testament scripture. Whether or not the law was followed perfectly is quite beside the point; in principle, all people were equal.

This is why taking our time with the texts of Leviticus is so important. As you have seen this week, instead of getting stuck in “boring” and “confusing” laws, we are seeing God create a different people, a better people, a holy people. Praise God that we don’t have to follow all the Old Testament codes, but praise God even more that in these laws, he began to create a people who were BETTER, who were more CIVILIZED, more mature, more conscious of their place before each other and before God.

In Leviticus, God creates a people who are different, equal and free. As all people should be.

Jake Ballard

Today’s Bible reading can be read or listened to at https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+24-25&version=NIV

Tomorrow’s Bible reading will be the final two chapters of the book of Leviticus as we progress through the 2020 Chronological Bible Reading Plan

Making a Different People: Healing and Uncleanness

Leviticus 14-15

Leviticus 14 and 15 have many rules about how to stay ritually clean and become clean, even after something that would make a person ritually unclean, like leprosy or bodily discharges. While this is, again, good but weird, we get the REASON for all these rules in Leviticus 15:31. “Thus you shall keep the sons of Israel separated from their uncleanness, so that they will not die in their uncleanness by their defiling My tabernacle that is among them.”(NASB) Another paraphrase, the Easy-to-Read Version, puts it this way: “So you must warn the Israelites about being unclean. If you don’t warn the people, they might make my Holy Tent unclean. And then they would have to die!” God didn’t want disease, discharge, sickness, and other things that could be damaging to the community to come into the tabernacle or the temple, where everyone would gather. The community was being protected by God by keeping these rules. If someone ignored these rules and put the community in jeopardy, they would have to die.

But there was also MERCY in these rules. Though the leper may be called unclean, there was a process where they could be made clean again. Though these bodily discharges COULD be bad, there was a process for being made clean again. A person was not neglected by the community forever; there was always a way back in.

Today, that way back into the community of God, to become clean before him, is Jesus. And Jesus is better than the rules of the law. Here, the sickness had to end, the disease had to stop; only then could one be made clean and come before God in honor and with sacrifices. However, Jesus himself takes away the diseases, he makes us clean. This is why the story in Luke 8:42-48 is so powerful. A woman, who was ritually unclean because of her bleeding, believed Jesus could heal her. She risked everything to simply touch his coat. Every person in that crowd, and Jesus himself, became ritually unclean because of the law in this part of Leviticus. But Jesus was not concerned about his cleanness, but about the woman’s healing. Praise God that we have a healer, a priest, who can not only make us clean and allow us into the community, but can take away our diseases and give life to our bodies!

Jake Ballard

Today’s Bible reading can be read or listened to at https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+14-15&version=NIV

Tomorrow’s reading will be Leviticus 16-18 as we continue on our 2020 Chronological Bible Reading Plan

Tag: Old Testament law

True Holiness